These include start, begin, continue and bother it started raining. Gerunds or verbal nouns take the same form as the present participle ving but their function is quite different. Gerunds or infinitives chart by really learn english. After a preposition o im interested in studying abroad. Gerund and infinitive worksheets are in pdf format and consist of a worksheet and answer sheet to check your results. Page 1 of 15 verbals gerunds and participles gerunds. Use the appropriate simple, perfective, progressive, or passive form and give reasons for your response for each item. So, i love learning grammar rules or i love to learn grammar rules are both ok. Gerunds and infinitives apu writing center 6268156000 ext. This blog post is available as a convenient and portable pdf that you.
How to teach gerunds and infinitives to esl students without. Gerunds and infinitives part 1 put the verb into the correct form. Teachers notes gerund and infinitive master esl efl resources activity type introduction writing activity here is a. The replacement of the infinitive with the gerund or viceversa will surely cause too much mess in discourse. Gerund the present participle ing form of the verb, e. A gerund is the present participle ing form of the verb. The main verb in the sentence determines whether you use a gerund or an infinitive.
A gerund virtually never requires any punctuation with it. Structures that you add to are called infinitive, and ing is called gerund form. The more the better, as this material really must be memorised. How to teach gerunds and infinitives to esl students. Some people prefer getting up early in the morning. This lesson presents easytofollow rules on when to use gerunds and infinitives in english. She is looking forward to visiting his aunt in chicago. A gerund is a verbal ending in ing that is used as a noun. Defining a rule for the use of infinitive and gerund. Gerunds and infinitives can function b to compose a sonata would take months. Some verbs can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive without causing a change in meaning. Nov 10, 2016 gerunds and infinitives can replace a noun in a sentence. Gerunds vs infinitives choose the correct option, gerund or infinitive id. Rules for using gerunds and infinitives when to use gerunds.
To reinforce the differences between the gerunds, infinitives and progressive verb tenses, teachers need to provide an opportunity for students to identify each in sentences. List of verbs followed by gerunds and infinitives pdf. The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. For more advanced levels of esl, this should be a simple, brief exercise that can be written on the board with the entire class participating. Gerund versus infinitive to understand the gerund and infinitive, you need to remember 3 rules. We usually use infinitives with to in the english language. Becoming a millionaire is a dream of many young people today. The difference in the form of gerunds and infinitives is quite clear just from comparing the following lists.
Gerund infinitive gi 5 fill in the gerund with the correct preposition. Some verbs can take both gerunds and infinitives, with only a slight difference in the meaning as explained in part i above. The information is condensed into one page so it does lack some bits and pieces, but all in all, it is a comprehensive view of this tricky part of. Some verbs and verb phrases are directly followed a gerund. It is good practice for part 4 of the reading and use of english section the cambridge b2 first exam. For this reason, here you have a deep explanation of all their uses. The words and rules dichotomy also comes into play for english learners and their teachers confronted with another arduous grammar point, the topic most grammar books refer to as gerunds and infinitives.
The words and rules dichotomy also comes into play for english learners and their teachers confronted with another. The article offers an analysis of the development of the gerund, as an alternative to the infinitive, with verbs of subject control, such as attempt, bear, decline, forbear, etc. Gerund and infinitive pdf worksheets english vocabulary. Christine and ricky enjoy reading ancient greek classics.
Rules for using gerunds and infinitives gerunds and infinitives gerund the ing form of a verb which works as a noun is known as a gerund. We can use an object before the infinitive with these verbs. Infinitive with an object gerund without an object advise. Simple rules to master the use of gerunds and infinitives. The construction workers worried about losing their jobs. The explanation will be followed by two practice activities with these grammar forms. Note that help can also be followed by the infinitive without to with no difference in meaning. The students complete each sentence with the verb in brackets in its gerund or infinitive form.
English esl gerunds and infinitives worksheets most. Gerunds infinitives esl activities worksheets games. Focus 2 infinitives and gerunds in perfective, progressive, and passive exercise 2 with a partner, discuss the following topics using infinitives and gerunds. Basic rules for gerunds and infinitives tru newsroom. Many lessons can be centered around this information. Gerund and infinitive worksheet in this printable worksheet, the rules for using gerunds and infinitives will be explained in detail. The same spelling rules that apply to the progressive tenses also apply to gerunds. In this video, you will see a brief demonstration of the grammar rules of both gerunds and infinitive forms. This video features a discussion about elearning and an overview of how to. Infinitive and gerund infinitive after an adjective example.
Passive with gerundinfinitives free download as powerpoint presentation. Page 1 of 15 verbals gerunds and participles gerunds a gerund is a verbal that ends in ing and functions as a noun. Making friends has become more difficult since i moved to a new city. Unlike participles, gerunds may be preceded by prepositions i apologize for being late. Rules for using gerunds and infinitives to describe an action.
This handy chart includes a summary of the rules of when to choose a gerund or an infinitive. After the main verb, both gerunds and infinitives can be used. Comparing gerunds, participles, and infinitives purdue. It is a verb form which ends in ing and works as a noun in the following cases. You can use a gerund as the subject, the complement, or the object of a sentence. Gerund and infinitive pdf grammar worksheet b1 gi010 author. But there are some more verbs which can be followed by ing or the infinitive, but the two options have different meanings, for example remember and stop. Gerund and infinitive free download as powerpoint presentation. Gerund and infinitive rules esl worksheet by deannacharles. B2 gerunds and infinitives upper intermediate level. Gerund or infinitive one of the difficulties of the english language is that some verbs are followed by the. Paul avoids using chemicals on the vegetables he grows. Does it appear on the verbs followed only by infinitives list.
British english or american english i love to read long novels. It goes without saying that communication is based essentially on mutual understanding. There are four important rules to remember in this chapter. Can you touch your toes without bending your knees. Writing and speaking exercises give students plenty of practice with this grammar target. Rules for using gerunds and infinitives when to use. Answer key 1 studying the booming bald eagle population of new york excites allan. Here is a printable gerunds and infinitives pdf worksheet to test students knowledge of gerunds and infinitives with to. A gerund phrase consists of a gerund plus modifiers, objects, andor complements. Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive, but the meaning changes depending on which is used.
Publishing house, minneapolis, 1985 describes 12 important principles or rules for. Whether you use a gerund or an infinitive depends on the main verb in the sentence. This page of rules is not fun, but it will answer many questions that you or your students may have about gerunds vs. List of verbs followed by gerunds and infinitives pdf download and phrases. Gerunds may be used as a noun, and therefore, they act like any other noun. For teaching teens and adults, use our grammar practice worksheets lesson on gerunds and infinitives. Pdf corpus approach to analysing gerund vs infinitive. B1 gerund and infinitive gi010 fill in the correct form. Due to the multitude of verbs and expressions that require either the gerund or the infinitive but not boththe learners must be extremely cautious. B2 gerunds and infinitives is an exercise at an upper intermediate level of english which focuses on vocabulary and grammar. Gerund or infinitive one of the difficulties of the english language is that some verbs are followed by the gerund ex. I denied stealing often we use the gerund for an action that happens before or at the same time as the action of the main verb. Not speaking english well is my biggest problem in this country 2.
If it doesnt appear on either of the two lists does it describe sports or recreational activities. One just has to memorize or refer to lists such as this one. Gerunds and gerund phrases virtually never require punctuation. Gerund, as the word meaning, has the meaning of nounverb. This is the first part of a set planned to help my b1 students with the use of gerund or infinitive after some of the most common verbs. A corkscrew is a tool for taking corks out of bottles.
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